摩睺罗伽 (pronounced “Móhóuluójiā”) refers to the Mahoraga, one of the eight classes of deities and mythical beings known collectively as the 八部众 (Bābùzhòng) or “Eight Classes of Protectors” in Buddhist cosmology. These beings are often depicted as protectors of the Dharma (Buddhist teachings) and are mentioned in various Buddhist scriptures, including the Lotus Sutra (法华经) and the Golden Light Sutra (金光明经).
Origins and Meaning
The word “Mahoraga” comes from Sanskrit, where “Maha” means “great,” and “Uraga” refers to a serpent or snake. Thus, Mahoraga can be understood as a “great serpent” or “great naga” (a class of serpent-like deities in Hindu and Buddhist traditions).
Depiction and Characteristics
Mahoragas are generally depicted as serpent-like beings, often with a human upper body and the lower body of a snake. This hybrid form symbolizes their connection to both the terrestrial and subterranean worlds. Unlike the more divine Nagas, Mahoragas are typically seen as less divine but still powerful beings who possess the ability to influence natural elements and guard treasures.
Spiritual Significance
Mahoragas, like the other members of the Eight Classes of Protectors, are considered to be guardians of the Dharma. Their role is to protect the Buddha’s teachings and the practitioners who follow the path of Buddhism. In some traditions, they are also invoked to protect sacred sites, such as stupas and temples.
Despite their sometimes fearsome appearance, Mahoragas are regarded as beings who have taken refuge in the Buddha and have vowed to protect the Dharma. Their serpent form is symbolic of transformation and the shedding of ignorance, much like how a snake sheds its skin. This makes them an important symbol in Buddhist teachings, representing the overcoming of delusion and attachment.
Cultural Influence
In East Asian Buddhism, particularly in Chinese and Japanese traditions, the image of the Mahoraga has been integrated into various forms of Buddhist art and literature. They are often depicted in mandalas and temple decorations, standing as symbols of protection and the safeguarding of the sacred teachings.
In some practices, Mahoragas are also associated with specific rituals meant to ward off natural disasters, such as earthquakes, as they are believed to have control over the forces of the earth.
Conclusion
Mahoragas hold a unique place in Buddhist cosmology as one of the eight classes of protectors. Their serpent-like form and their association with the earth make them powerful symbols of transformation and protection. As guardians of the Dharma, they remind practitioners of the importance of overcoming ignorance and remaining steadfast in their spiritual practice, under the watchful protection of these ancient beings.
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