Understanding (Koti): The Significance of Vast Numbers in Buddhist Texts

In Buddhist literature, the term 俱胝 (pronounced “Jùzhī” in Chinese and “Koti” in Sanskrit) refers to a large numerical unit, often translated as “ten million” or “one crore.” This term is frequently used in Buddhist scriptures to convey vast quantities, particularly in the context of time, merit, or the number of beings. The concept of 俱胝 is significant in understanding the scale and scope of various teachings, practices, and cosmological descriptions within Buddhism.

The Meaning and Use of 俱胝

Koti (俱胝) is a numerical term that represents a very large number, typically ten million. In ancient Indian and Buddhist contexts, large numbers like koti were often used to express the immense and incomprehensible nature of the cosmos, the duration of eons, or the accumulation of merit through virtuous deeds.

• In Time: The term is used to describe incredibly long periods, such as in references to kalpas (vast cosmic cycles) that span multiple kotis of years. This highlights the Buddhist perspective on the infinite nature of time and the enduring process of samsara (the cycle of birth and death).
• In Merit: The concept of koti is also applied to the accumulation of merit. For instance, a practitioner might be said to accrue merit over many kotis of lifetimes, emphasizing the gradual and expansive nature of spiritual progress.
• In Beings: Buddhist texts often mention vast numbers of sentient beings across countless worlds. The use of koti here underscores the boundless compassion of the Buddha, who works to save innumerable beings.

Symbolic Significance

In Buddhism, large numbers like koti (俱胝) are not just literal but also symbolic. They are used to convey the vastness and infinite nature of the Dharma (Buddhist teachings). The idea is that the truths of Buddhism, the compassion of the Buddhas, and the potential for enlightenment extend beyond ordinary comprehension, reaching into realms of existence and time that are beyond human experience.

For example, in the “Lotus Sutra” and other Mahayana texts, large numbers are frequently employed to describe the extent of the Buddha’s lifespan or the number of beings he has taught. These descriptions are meant to inspire awe and a deep respect for the profound and far-reaching nature of the Buddha’s wisdom and compassion.

Koti in Practice

While the term koti may seem abstract or overwhelming, its use in Buddhist texts serves to remind practitioners of the vast potential of their spiritual journey. It encourages a mindset that goes beyond the limitations of the present moment, inviting practitioners to think in terms of vast spans of time and the cumulative impact of their actions.

The concept also reinforces the idea that even though the path to enlightenment might seem long and arduous, the merit and wisdom gained over countless lifetimes are immeasurable. This perspective helps practitioners maintain perseverance and dedication, knowing that their efforts contribute to a much larger process of spiritual evolution.

Conclusion

The term 俱胝 (koti) is a powerful reminder of the immense and infinite aspects of Buddhist cosmology and practice. Whether referring to time, merit, or the number of beings, koti helps to convey the vastness and boundlessness inherent in the Buddhist worldview. It challenges practitioners to expand their understanding of reality and inspires a deeper commitment to the path of Dharma, knowing that their spiritual journey is part of something far greater and more enduring than they can imagine.