药叉又名夜叉（梵语：यक्ष，转写：Yakṣa；巴利语：यक्ख，转写：yakkha），又译为药叉，本义「以鬼为食的神」，佛教中属于鬼道，意译为「能啖鬼」、「捷疾鬼」、「勇健」、「轻捷」等。女性夜叉，称夜叉女（梵语：yakṣī或yakṣiṇī，巴利语：yakkhī或yakkhinī）。 佛教认为夜叉有三种，《维摩经》注：“什曰：夜叉有三种：一、在地，二、在空虚，三、天夜叉也。”在佛教中，北方毗沙门天王即率领夜叉八大将，“维护众生界”。愿意护持佛教的夜叉神称为执金刚神，领袖是密迹金刚。著名的夜叉王有十二药叉大将。 投生到夜叉身的因缘，是过去行布施，或常先损害后再利益他人，而得的果报。
In Buddhist literature, the term 俱胝 (pronounced “Jùzhī” in Chinese and “Koti” in Sanskrit) refers to a large numerical unit, often translated as “ten million” or “one crore.” This term is frequently used in Buddhist scriptures to convey vast quantities, particularly in the context of time, merit, or the number of beings. The concept of … Read more
In Buddhist tradition, the Five Superknowledges (五神通, pronounced “Wǔ Shéntōng”) refer to extraordinary spiritual abilities that are attained through deep meditation and advanced spiritual practice. These supernormal powers, known as Abhijñā in Sanskrit and Pali, are considered mystical capabilities that arise from the cultivation of samadhi (deep concentration) and are often associated with the attainment … Read more
In Mahayana Buddhism, the Ten Grounds (十地, pronounced “Shí Dì”), also known as Daśa-bhūmi in Sanskrit, represent the ten progressive stages on the path of a Bodhisattva toward full enlightenment and Buddhahood. Each ground or stage marks a significant level of spiritual development, where the Bodhisattva cultivates increasingly profound wisdom, compassion, and skillful means to … Read more
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